Informing America, One Click at a Time
Amwoga Khalwale 
Phagocytosis Phagocytosis also referred to as “cell eating“is the process in which particles, microbes or fragments of dead cells are engulfed and internalized usually by specific membrane receptors. The process of phagocytosis begins with binding of specific molecules on the surface of pathogen/particle. The cell membrane then extends around the target, eventually enveloping it and … Read more
In programming, data can be stored in data structures like graphs and trees. A tree is typically special form of graph i.e minimally connected graph and having only one path between any two vertices. In other words tree is a special case of graph having no loops, circuits and no-self loops. Graphs can have loops, … Read more
Wood can be described as a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic material (a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as secondary … Read more
There are two popular types of architectures based on the instruction set. They are CISC (complex instruction set computing) and RISC (Reduced Instruction set computing). Let us discuss the underlying differences, advantages, disadvantages and similarities between these two architectures. What Is RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)? RISC (reduced instruction set computer) is a computer that … Read more
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a general-purpose server scripting language and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive web pages. PHP is widely used, free and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft’s ASP. PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 and is now produced by the PHP group. PHP code may be … Read more
What Is Glycolysis? Glycolysis also referred to as cytoplasmic pathway, takes place in the cytosol of the cell’s cytoplasm and is the first step in breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) to extract energy for cellular metabolism to produce energy in the form of ATP. Through two distinct phases, the six-carbon ring of glucose is split into … Read more
Bony fish and cartilaginous fish represent two classes within the vertebrate kingdom, each characterized by unique anatomical features and evolutionary adaptations. Both groups inhabit aquatic environments. In simple terms, a bony fish (Osteichthyes) is one whose skeleton is made of bone, while a cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) has a skeleton made of soft, flexible cartilage. A third type of fish, … Read more
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the two common types of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. Many cells can perform either aerobic or anaerobic respiration, depending on whether oxygen … Read more
Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where organisms are created by combining the genetic information from two individuals of different sexes. The genetic information is carried on chromosomes within the nucleus of specialized sex cells referred to as gametes. In males, these gamates are referred to as sperm and in females the … Read more
Cold-blooded Animals (Poikilotherms/Ectotherms) Cold–blooded animals can also be referred to as ectotherms or poikilotherms. These are animals that lack an internal physiological mechanism to regulate their body temperatures internally; therefore, their temperature is not constant and varies according to the temperature of the surrounding environment. In hot environments, their blood can get much warmer than … Read more