SCIENCE

In Quantum chemistry, valence bond (VB) theory and molecular orbital (MO) theory, are two basic theories that are used to explain chemical bonding or simply how atoms come together to form molecules. Valence Bond Theory, rooted in the early 20th century, paints a picture of chemical bonds as localized interactions between overlapping atomic orbitals. VBT … Read more

A sol is a colloidal solution suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Sols are quite stable and show the Tyndall Effect. Tyndall Effect is the scattering of visible light by colloidal particles. Artificial sols may be prepared by dispersion or condensation. Dispersion techniques include grinding solids to colloidal dimensions by … Read more

The term short day plants describes plants that begin flowering when the days are shorter than their critical day length.  For a short-day plant to bloom there must be less than 12 hours of daylight. Common Examples of short day plants include: Chrysanthemums, Poinsettias, Christmas cactus, Rice, Green Gram, Soybean, Marijuana, Jowar and Cotton among … Read more

Covalent Bonding A covalent bond, also referred to as molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is what is referred to as covalent bonding. There is a covalent bond … Read more

While both belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family, Salmonella and Shigella harbor distinctive characteristics that set them apart in terms of transmission, symptoms, and epidemiology. Characteristics of Salmonella Salmonella species are predominantly motile enterobacteria found in the digestive tracts of humans and animals especially reptiles. Food and water can also be contaminated with the bacteria if … Read more

 Plant movements do exist. Plant use movements as an adaptation to escape or minimize injury from harmful external factors or move towards scarce resource or otherwise secure food.  For example, the primary root moves downward where it can obtain water and mineral nutrients from deep down while the shoot moves upward to be exposed to … Read more

Sols can be defined as colloidal systems with solid as dispersed phase and liquid as dispersion medium. Lyophobic sol and Lyophilic sol are the only types of sols. Lyophilic sols commonly described as liquid loving sols have a greater affinity for solvent. These sols are prepared easily by shaking or warming the dispersion phase in … Read more

A Proportionate counter is an instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity of ionizing radiation. It is similar to a Greiger Mueller counter but operates at a lower potential difference such that the magnitude of the discharge is directly proportional to the number of gas molecules ionized by the detected particle. This may permit the … Read more

Gas solid chromatography and Gas liquid chromatography are both the main types of Gas chromatography. In both methods, either liquid or solid is used as a stationary phase whereas gas is used a mobile phase. Gas solid chromatography entails passage of a mixture of volatile compounds with differential migration through a column containing solid stationary … Read more