TECHNOLOGY

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of protocols or rules for transmitting data between network points, sometimes referred to as nodes. In HDLC, data is organized into a unit called frame and sent across a network to a destination that verifies its successful arrival. The HDLC frames consist … Read more

What Is Hot Working? Hot working process metals are plastically deformed above their re-crystallization temperature. Being above the re-crystallization temperature allows the material to re-crystallize during formation. This is important because re-crystallization keeps the materials from strain hardening which ultimately keeps the yield strength and hardness low and ductility high.  The ultimate goal of metal … Read more

What Is Static SQL? Static SQL are statements in an application that do not change at runtime (when source code is written) and therefore can be hard-coded into the application.  Static SQL is referred to as static because the SQL statements in the program do not change each time the program is run. Static SQL … Read more

Numerical Control (NC) Machine Numerical control, commonly referred to as NC, is a machine which is controlled by the set of instructions in the form of numbers, letters and symbols. In this case, the set of instruction is referred to as program. NC is essential to the operation of modern industrial robots. The two basic … Read more

Spreadsheet A spreadsheet is a computer application for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form. The program operates on data entered in cells of a table. Each cell contains either numeric or text data or the results of formulas that automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells. … Read more

What Are Lists In Python? A list is a data structure in Python that is a mutable or changeable, ordered sequence of elements. Each element or value that is inside a list is called an item.  Lists are mutable. This means that you can modify a list after it has been initialized i.e you can … Read more

A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. That is, it is a spanning tree whose sum of edge weights is less than or equal to the weight of every other spanning tree. More … Read more

Sum of Product (SOP) Sum of Product abbreviated as SOP is a form of expression in Boolean algebra in which different product terms of inputs are being summed together. This product is not arithmetically multiply but it is Boolean logical AND and the Sum is Boolean logical OR. Minterm is product of Boolean variable either … Read more

What Is Amplitude Modulation (AM)? The first amplitude modulated signal was transmitted in 1901 by a Canadian engineer by the name Reginald Fessenden. He used a continuous spark transmission and placed a carbon microphone in the antenna lead. This transmission was very crude; signals were audible over a distance of a few hundred meters. The … Read more

PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals and each sample … Read more