Amwoga Khalwale

Velocity is defined as the speed of a moving object in a particular direction. Velocity of an object can also be described as the rate of change of its position with respect to speed and direction of motion (e.g 15 km/h to the south). Velocity is a physical vector quantity; both magnitude and direction are … Read more

What Is Distance? Distance is the total movement of an object without any regard to direction. We can also describe distance as to how much ground an object has covered despite its starting or ending point. What Is Displacement? Displacement can be described as the change in position of an object. It is a vector … Read more

Sometimes galvanic cells are just referred to as electrochemical cells while they are electrochemical cells; electrolytic cells are also electrochemical cells. Electrolytic and galvanic cells are however not the same. A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell which converts chemical potential energy to electrical potential energy through a spontaneous chemical reaction. A galvanic cell has … Read more

In Macroscopic Approach also referred to as classical thermodynamics, a certain quantity of matter is considered without taking into account the events occurring at molecular level. It is more concerned with gross or average effects of many molecules’ infractions. These effects, such as pressure and temperature can be perceived by our senses and can be … Read more

The Zener Breakdown  and  Avalanche Breakdown are two different mechanisms by which a PN junction breaks. Avalanche and Zener breakdown both occur in diode under reverse bias. The avalanche breakdown occurs because of the ionization of electrons and hole pairs whereas the zener breakdown occurs because of heavy doping. What Is Zener Breakdown? When a … Read more

The microscopic forms of energy are those related to the molecular structure of a system and the degree of the molecular activity, and they are independent of outside reference frames. The sum of all the microscopic forms of energy is referred to as the internal energy of a system and is usually denoted by U. … Read more

Microscopic Variable A microscopic variable is a variable pertaining to the individual atoms and molecules, making up the system. Examples include: Component of a particle’s velocity The orientation of the axis of a diatomic molecule The quantum number for a particular vibrational mode of a molecule The magnetic moment vector of a paramagneticion Other examples … Read more