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What Is Step Growth Polymerization? A step-growth polymerization is a stepwise reaction between bi-functional or multi-function monomers in which a higher-molecular weight polymer is formed after a large number of steps. Step-growth polymerization is greatly applied in the production of many natural and synthetic polymers including polyesters, polyethers, urethanes, epoxies and polyamides. In order to … Read more
Twins come in two main types: identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic). While the concept of twins is widely understood, the intricate differences between these two types often remain a subject of curiosity. Let us talk about Identical and Fraternal twins from their genetic origins to physical characteristics, formation processes and even their implications for medical … Read more
The process of converting the AC current into DC current is referred to as rectification. Rectification can be achieved by using a single diode or group of diodes. These diodes which convert the AC current into DC current are referred to as rectifiers. Rectifiers are typically classified into two types, which include half wave rectifier … Read more
What Is Interference Of Light Wave? Interference of light wave is the phenomena whereby two light waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower or same amplitude. This phenomenon of interference of light was discovered by Thomas Young in 1801 AD. Interference can be classified as either constructive or destructive interference. Constructive and … Read more
Somatic Nervous System (SONS) The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The somatic nervous consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves and efferent nerves or motor nerves. Afferent nerves are responsible for relaying sensation from the body to the … Read more
What is an Endotoxin? Endotoxin also known as lipoglycans is a toxic heat-stable lipopolysaccharide substance present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that is released from the cell upon lysis. Endotoxins are not secreted but are released only when the cells are disrupted, they are less potent and less specific than the exotoxins and … Read more
Bacteria Bacteria are microscopic organisms that thrive in diverse environments; they can live in ocean, soil and human gut. Bacteria are living organisms with a simple cell structure that contains organelles, DNA and RNA that are immersed within the cytoplasm and surrounded by a cell wall. Most bacteria reproduce by a process known as binary … Read more
Mitosis, the more common form of cell division, plays a role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of somatic cells, ensuring growth, repair, and replacement of damaged or aging cells. On the other hand, meiosis is a specialized division essential for sexual reproduction, generating gametes with reduced chromosome numbers to facilitate genetic diversity. Let us … Read more
A Trophic State Index is a standard used to determine the nutritional state of a water body i.e the quantity of biologically useful nutrients like phosphorus, nitrogen etc dissolved in a water body. The most commonly used trophic indices is the Carlson’s index, whereby the trophic state of a water body is described as the … Read more
Learn the differences between protic and aprotic solvents in the context of their definition, molecular characteristics, properties and applications. What Is Protic Solvent? Protic solvents are a class of solvents characterized by the presence of hydrogen atoms (H) bonded to electronegative atoms, such as oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N). These hydrogen atoms have a tendency … Read more