In Chemistry, anions and cations are both ions. Ions are atoms or molecules which have gained or lost one or more valence electrons, giving the ion a net positive or negative charge. Therefore, the main difference between a cation and an anion is the net electrical charge of the ion. A negative charge is as … Read more
Speciation refers to the formation of new species. Allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation are two major mechanisms of speciation. They both occur due to the reproductive isolation of individuals in the same species. What Is Allopatric Speciation? Allopatric speciation is the physical isolation of a biological population by an extrinsic/geographical barrier such as mountains, rivers, … Read more
Vernier Caliper Vernier calipers, like micrometers are the tools more commonly used for low tolerance measuring. Low tolerance measuring tools provide very accurate measurements with a small margin for error. Vernier Caliper was invented by French mathematician Pierre Vernier in 1631. It is an instrument that precisely measures internal or external dimensions and distances. It … Read more
Vertebrates comprise of all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata. A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. Vertebrates are only 3% of all animals on Earth. There are currently about 65,000 known species of vertebrate animals. Vertebrates tend to have a complex nervous system and highly specified … Read more
Sensory Neuron Sensory neurons also referred to as afferent neurons, are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from an organism’s environment into internal electrical impulses. The sensory information travels along afferent nerve fibers in an afferent or sensory nerve to the brain through the spinal cord. The stimuli can come … Read more
Myopia also referred to as Nearsightedness is a common vision in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry. It occurs when the shape of the eyes causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing image in front of the retina instead of at the center of retina. … Read more
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is also referred to as vasopressin or arginine vasopressin (AVP). It is a neuro-secretary peptide hormone, produced naturally in an area of the brain referred to as the hypothalamus. It is then released by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. ADH being a hormone is a protein in nature … Read more
Nucleoside is a structural sub-unit of nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling component of all living cells, consisting of a molecule of sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing organic ring compound. Nucleosides are usually obtained by chemical or enzymatic decomposition of nucleic acids. In nucleosides, the sugar is either ribose or deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing compound is either … Read more
What Are Deuterostomes And Protostomes? Deuterostomes are the animals whose embryonic development undergoes radial cleavage. In other words, the cell division planes take place radially during the formation of the blastula through cleavage of the fertilized egg embryo. In deuterostomes, the first cavity formed by the blastopore ends up as the organism’s anus, while the … Read more
Nutrition is a biological study of food and various modes of nutrition of living organisms. It is one of the ways the living organisms obtain energy required for all the vital processes of the body. On the basis of nutrition, all the organisms are divided into two main groups- autotrophs and heterotrophs. Their corresponding modes … Read more