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Xylem and phloem are part of the vascular tissues in vascular plants. Phloem plays a role of transporting food materials referred to as photosynthate from photosynthetic organs to different parts of the plant in a process referred to as translocation. Just like xylem, phloem tissues can be classified as primary phloem and secondary phloem. The … Read more
The phloem is the vascular tissue that carries out the function of translocation (i.e the process of transporting photosynthate materials from the photosynthetic plant organs to various parts of the plant. Phloem is made up of the following major components: Sieve element Companion cell Phloem parenchyma Phloem schlerenchyma In angiosperms, the sieve element is referred … Read more
Amylose and amylopectin are present side by side and interspersed in the starch granule. They have unique chemical and physical properties and their relative proportions influence the overall properties of starches. Amylose forms a colloidal dispersion in hot water whereas amylopectin is completely insoluble. What Is Amylose? Amylose also referred to as a linear polymer, … Read more
There are two classifications of plastic materials, thermosets and thermoplastics. The classification is based on the chemical structure. Thermoplastics are made up of linear molecular chains whereas thermosetting plastics are made up of cross-linked molecular chains. Thermoplastics Thermoplastic commonly referred to as thermoplastic polymers are polymers that can be repeatedly heated and molded without effecting … Read more
In Chemistry, anions and cations are both ions. Ions are atoms or molecules which have gained or lost one or more valence electrons, giving the ion a net positive or negative charge. Therefore, the main difference between a cation and an anion is the net electrical charge of the ion. A negative charge is as … Read more
Speciation refers to the formation of new species. Allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation are two major mechanisms of speciation. They both occur due to the reproductive isolation of individuals in the same species. What Is Allopatric Speciation? Allopatric speciation is the physical isolation of a biological population by an extrinsic/geographical barrier such as mountains, rivers, … Read more
Vernier Caliper Vernier calipers, like micrometers are the tools more commonly used for low tolerance measuring. Low tolerance measuring tools provide very accurate measurements with a small margin for error. Vernier Caliper was invented by French mathematician Pierre Vernier in 1631. It is an instrument that precisely measures internal or external dimensions and distances. It … Read more
Vertebrates comprise of all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata. A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. Vertebrates are only 3% of all animals on Earth. There are currently about 65,000 known species of vertebrate animals. Vertebrates tend to have a complex nervous system and highly specified … Read more
Sensory Neuron Sensory neurons also referred to as afferent neurons, are nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from an organism’s environment into internal electrical impulses. The sensory information travels along afferent nerve fibers in an afferent or sensory nerve to the brain through the spinal cord. The stimuli can come … Read more
Myopia also referred to as Nearsightedness is a common vision in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry. It occurs when the shape of the eyes causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing image in front of the retina instead of at the center of retina. … Read more