SCIENCE

What Are Lenticels? Lenticels are one of the many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues. Usually, lenticels consist of large intercellular spaces in the periderm, especially in secondarily thickened organs and the bark of woody stems and roots of dicotyledonous flowering … Read more

Batch Fermentation (Batch Culture) Batch fermentation is the simplest mode of fermentation; it is made up of a mechanically stirred vessel with other accessories such as a gas sparger and a heating/cooling jacket. It is also widely used in biological industry, including microbial fermentation, cell metabolism and production of products. In batch fermentation, substrate and … Read more

Heartwood and Sapwood are terms used to describe the two primary categories that depict the naturally occurring wood of a tree. HEARTWOOD Heartwood also referred to as Duramen, is the older, harder nonliving central wood of trees that is usually darker, denser, less permeable and more durable than the surrounding sapwood. Heartwood is mechanically strong … Read more

Gram Negative Bacteria & Gram Positive Bacteria The “gram-positive” and “gram negative” are terms used by microbiologists to classify bacteria. The classification is based on the bacterium’s chemical and physical cell wall properties. For proper determination as to weather a bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative, microbiologist usually performs a special type of staining technique referred … Read more

Definition Of Base And Acid According To Different Theories  According to Lewis theory of acid-base reaction, a base is any substance that can donate a pair of nonbonding electrons to form a new bond.  Lewis theory also defines an acid as any substance that can accept a pair of nonbonding electrons to form a new … Read more

What Is Equinox? The word ‘’equinox’’ comes from a Latin word ‘’aequus’’ meaning equal and ‘’nox’’ meaning night. Therefore, the equinox is the time in the year where the day and night are equal. Both the north and south hemisphere have same length of day and night. The equinox happens twice a year. It happens … Read more

What Are Unicellular Organisms?  Unicellular organism, also referred to as single celled organisms, is an organism that consists of a single type of cell. Life processes such as excretion, digestion, feeding and reproduction occur in one cell. They are typically microscopic in nature and cannot be seen with naked eyes. Many unicellular organisms live in … Read more

What Is An Endoskeleton? An endoskeleton is a skeleton found within the interior of the body and therefore it provides structural support and support for the internal organs and tissues of an organism.  An endoskeleton occurs in chordates including all the vertebrates. The endoskeleton of chordates develops from mesoderm tissue during embryonic development.  The vertebrate … Read more

The xylem is the vascular tissue that moves water and nutrients from roots to various parts of the plant such as shoot and leaves. Major components of xylem tissue include: xylem parenchyma, xylem fibers, xylem vessels and tracheids. The tracheid is one of the two cell types of the tracheary elements, the other being the … Read more

Xylem and phloem are the major conducting tissues in vascular plants. The main function of xylem is conduction of water and minerals towards the apical shoot. Xylem tissues can be classified as primary and secondary xylem depending on where they originate. The primary xylem is the type of xylem that is produced from the primary … Read more