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Skew rays Skew rays, in the context of optics, refer to light rays that do not pass through the optical axis of an optical system and are not parallel to it. These rays have an angle with respect to the optical axis, causing them to follow curved or nonlinear paths as they traverse through the … Read more
What is Specific Heat? The specific heat of a substance also sometimes referred to as massic heat capacity is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in temperature. The SI unit of specific heat capacity is joule per kelvin per kilogram, J⋅kg−1⋅K−1. Specific heat values can be determined … Read more
What is Specific Heat? Specific heat isthe quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree. The units of specific heat are usually calories or joules per gram per Celsius degree. For example, the specific heat of water is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) per gram … Read more
Vaporization and Evaporation which is a part of vaporization are the processes that are nothing but a phase transition of a substance from a solid or liquid state to gas. They are often used interchangeably but the two terms are quite different from each other. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the … Read more
What is latent heat? The latent heat definition describes the amount of energy that is released or absorbed during a phase change at a constant temperature. A phase change is the change of a substance’s physical state from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, gas to solid, and so on. Matter can exist in three states including … Read more
What is a Simple Microscope? A simple microscope, also known as a single-lens microscope or a magnifying glass, is a basic optical instrument used to magnify small objects or details of objects that are otherwise difficult to see with the naked eye. A simple microscope consists of just one convex lens. This lens is typically … Read more
Both absolute and relative dating both give answers for how old something is, they do so in different ways and produce different results. An example of the comparison between relative dating and absolute age dating is saying that a daughter is younger than her mom (relative age dating), and saying that a daughter is 16 … Read more
Thermopiles and thermocouples are both devices used to measure temperature differences based on the principle of the Seebeck effect. Learn the difference between the two, including their construction, operation, applications, advantages and disadvantages. Thermocouple A thermocouple also known as a “thermoelectrical thermometer” is a temperature measurement device that operates based on the Seebeck effect, which … Read more
Crystal Field Theory (CFT) and Ligand Field Theory (LFT) are both theories used to explain the bonding and properties of transition metal complexes. While Crystal Field Theory simplistically considers electrostatic interactions and orbital splitting, Ligand Field Theory goes beyond that, accounting for ligand properties, covalent bonding, orbital mixing, and a broader range of coordination geometries. … Read more
Percent yield and percent recovery are terms used in chemistry to describe the efficiency of a chemical reaction or a separation process. While they are related concepts, they have different meanings and implications. What is Percentage Yield? Percent yield is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield. It is calculated to be the experimental … Read more