What Is Natural Selection? Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration and genetic drift. Natural selection also referred to as “Survival of the fittest’’ is a process by which a species change over time in response to changes in the environment or competition between organisms, in order for … Read more
In physical chemistry and material science, a mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions and colloids. One major characteristic of mixtures is that they can be separated into their components, since each part of the mixture has … Read more
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons are the simplest class of organic compounds and are composed solely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are generally divided into two classes, depending on the presence of a benzene ring, that is, aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds also referred to as non-aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic Compounds Aromatic compound can be described … Read more
Solubility product is the concentration of ions of electrolyte, each raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced chemical equation in a saturated solution. It is applicable only for saturated solutions and is constant for a solution at a given temperature. Ionic Product is the product of concentration of ions of the electrolyte, … Read more
What Is Nuclear Reaction? Nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei or nucleus of an atom and a subatomic particle (such as a proton, neutron or high energy electron) from outside the atom, collide to produce one or more nuclides that are different from the nuclides that began the process (parent nuclei). In … Read more
What Is A Monomer? A monomer is a molecule that can be reacted together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimension network in a process referred to as polymerization. There are two types of monomers, that is, those that react when exposed to radical generating materials (chain growth polymerization) … Read more
Kinematics is the study of motion, without considering the forces which produce that motion. Kinematics of machines deals with the study of relative motion of machine parts. It involves the study of position, displacement, velocity and acceleration of machine parts. What Is A Machine? A machine is a mechanism or collection of mechanisms, formed and … Read more
What Is Hard Water? Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates. Generally, hard water contains essential minerals; it is sometimes the preferred drinking water, not only because of the health benefit, but also the flavor. … Read more
An emulsion is a temporarily stable mixture of immiscible fluids such as oil and water, achieved by finely dividing one phase into very small droplets. Common emulsions can be oil suspended in water or aqueous phase (O/W) or water suspended in oil (W/O). Both O/W and W/O have unique applications and chemical properties and you … Read more
What Is Phase Contrast Microscopy? Phase-contrast microscopy was first described in 1934 by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike. It a technique used for gaining contrast in a translucent specimen without staining the specimen. The optics of the microscope converts the differences in the refractive index of the specimen into brightness differences. This causes the translucent object … Read more