The Goertzel Algorithm is a digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm used to efficiently compute individual terms of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), particularly when only a few frequency components are of interest. It is widely used in applications such as tone detection (e.g., DTMF tones in telecommunication) and other spectral analysis tasks. Applications The Goertzel … Read more
David X. Li, a Chinese-born Canadian quantitative analyst and actuary, introduced the Gaussian copula function in his 2000 paper “On Default Correlation: A Copula Function Approach”. The paper aimed to provide a mathematical framework for modeling default correlations between multiple credit instruments, such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Enter Li, a star mathematician who grew up … Read more
Laboratory apparatus refers to the various tools, equipment, and devices used by scientists, researchers, and students in laboratories to perform experiments, analyze data, and conduct research across various scientific disciplines. Importance of Laboratory Apparatus Types of Laboratory Apparatus Measuring Tools Heating Equipment Mixing and Stirring Tools Holding and Handling Filtration and Separation Reaction Vessels Analytical … Read more
A time series is a sequence of data points that occur in successive order over some period of time. A time series can be taken on any variable that change over time. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict future values on previously observed values. In investing, a time series is … Read more
What Is A Step Index Fiber? In optical fiber, a step index fiber is a fiber characterized by a uniform refractive index within the core and a sharp decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding interface so that the cladding is of a lower refractive index. In a step index fiber, the light rays propagate … Read more
Everyday pressure measurements such as for vehicle tire pressure are usually made relative to ambient air pressure. In other cases, measurements are made relative to a vacuum or to some other specific reference. When distinguishing between these zero references, the following terms are typically used: Absolute pressure: Gauge Pressure Differential pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge pressure … Read more
What Is A Deterministic Algorithm? Deterministic algorithm is the algorithm which, given a particular input will always produce the same output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states. In other words, Deterministic algorithm will always come up with the same result given the same inputs. Deterministic algorithms are by far … Read more
Simple Leaf In a simple leaf such as guava, banana, sycamore or mango leaf, the blade is completely undivided. The leaf shape may also be formed of lobes, where the gap between the lobes does reach to the main vein. There are four main parts of a simple leaf and they include: Leaf base: This … Read more
A concave mirror is a spherical mirror in which the reflecting surface and the center of curvature fall on the same side of the mirror. Concave mirrors show different type of images, depending on the distance between the mirror and the object reflected. This type of mirrors are used quite frequently in day-to-day life. Examples … Read more
Chemical Adsorption also known as chemisorptions is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate whereas Physical adsorption is a kind of adsorption which attaches the target substance on a chip as a result of hydrogen bonding, van der waals forces, electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions. Physical adsorption … Read more