SCIENCE

The digital Vernier caliper (more precisely called a digital caliper, since it may use capacitive linear encoding rather than a true Vernier scale) represents the modern evolution of the standard Vernier caliper. Instead of requiring the user to visually interpret the alignment of two scale graduations, the digital caliper displays the measurement directly on an … Read more

Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied insects that are among the most common and successful pests in gardens, farms, and landscapes worldwide. Often no larger than a pinhead, they are often called “plant lice” due to their habit of forming dense colonies on new plant growth. Their bodies are typically pear-shaped, and they come in a surprising … Read more

A Supervised Learning Algorithm (SLA) is a type of machine learning method in which a model is trained on labeled data — meaning the input data is paired with the correct output. The goal of the algorithm is to learn a mapping function from inputs to outputs so it can make accurate predictions on new, … Read more

The banana spider is a name commonly used to describe several large and visually striking spider species, most notably the golden silk orb-weaver (Nephila clavipes) and the Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria spp.). These spiders are often associated with banana plants, hence the name, as they are sometimes found in banana shipments or tropical plantations. While … Read more

The Goertzel Algorithm is a digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm used to efficiently compute individual terms of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), particularly when only a few frequency components are of interest. It is widely used in applications such as tone detection (e.g., DTMF tones in telecommunication) and other spectral analysis tasks. Applications The Goertzel … Read more

David X. Li, a Chinese-born Canadian quantitative analyst and actuary, introduced the Gaussian copula function in his 2000 paper “On Default Correlation: A Copula Function Approach”. The paper aimed to provide a mathematical framework for modeling default correlations between multiple credit instruments, such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Enter Li, a star mathematician who grew up … Read more

Laboratory apparatus refers to the various tools, equipment, and devices used by scientists, researchers, and students in laboratories to perform experiments, analyze data, and conduct research across various scientific disciplines. Importance of Laboratory Apparatus Types of Laboratory Apparatus Measuring Tools Heating Equipment Mixing and Stirring Tools Holding and Handling Filtration and Separation Reaction Vessels Analytical … Read more

A time series is a sequence of data points that occur in successive order over some period of time. A time series can be taken on any variable that change over time. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict future values on previously observed values. In investing, a time series is … Read more

What Is A Step Index Fiber? In optical fiber, a step index fiber is a fiber characterized by a uniform refractive index within the core and a sharp decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding interface so that the cladding is of a lower refractive index. In a step index fiber, the light rays propagate … Read more