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Amwoga Khalwale What is Total internal reflection? Total internal reflection occurs when a propagating wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the … Read more
What are Intrinsic Sensors? Intrinsic sensors are devices that derive their measurements directly from the property or phenomenon being measured without relying on external references. They are designed to measure physical, chemical, or biological properties inherent to the system they are monitoring. Types of Intrinsic sensors Extrinsic Sensors Extrinsic sensors are devices used to measure … Read more
Cat5 & Cat5e Cat5 cables, short for Category 5 cables, are a type of twisted pair cable commonly used in Ethernet networks. These cables consist of four twisted pairs of copper wire, enclosed in a sheath made of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) or other materials. The twisting of the pairs helps to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) … Read more
What is Patch cable? A patch cable, also known as a patch cord or patch lead, is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect devices within a local area network (LAN) or to connect network equipment to a data outlet. Patch cables are commonly used to establish temporary or permanent connections between devices such … Read more
Multimode fiber (MMF) is a kind of optical fiber mostly used in communication over short distance. Multimode fiber optic cable has a larger core, about 50 or 62.5 microns that enables multiple light modes to be propagated. Because of this, more data can pass through the multimode fiber core at a given time. The maximum … Read more
Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches are network switches that provide power to connected devices over Ethernet cables, eliminating the need for separate power sources. There are several standards for PoE, including PoE, PoE+, and PoE++, each offering different levels of power delivery and compatibility. Let’s talk about them. PoE (Power over Ethernet) PoE, based on … Read more
What is Layer 2 Switch? Layer 2 switches, also known as Ethernet switches or LAN switches, are network devices that operate at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. These switches are designed to connect multiple devices within a local area network (LAN) and facilitate the efficient forwarding of … Read more
Fiber optics refers to the technology of transmitting light down thin strands of highly transparent material, usually glass but sometimes plastic. An optical fiber is a long thin strand of glass. A fiber-optic cable is made up of incredibly thin strands of glass known as optical fibers; one cable can have as few as two strands … Read more
What is a Geostationary Satellite? A Geostationary Satellite, also known as a Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) satellite, is a type of artificial satellite that orbits the Earth at an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the equator. This specific altitude allows the satellite to match the Earth’s rotation period, resulting in the satellite … Read more
Forward Error Correction (FEC) FEC is a technique used to detect and correct errors in transmitted data without the need for retransmission. FEC involves adding redundant information (parity bits or error-correcting codes) to the transmitted data. This redundant information allows the receiver to detect and correct errors without requiring the sender to resend the data. … Read more