Difference Between Private Key And Public Key

Private Key

Private key is the technique that uses a single shared key (secret key) to encrypt and decrypt the message.
It is also referred to as symmetric key encryption. It is because the same secret key is used in bidirectional communication.
In private key cryptography, the key is kept as a secret.
Stored in authorized devices and non-public-facing servers.
The private key is kept secret and not public to anyone apart from the sender and receiver.
A private key is used in the case of symmetric key cryptography wherein one single key is used for transmission between two parties.
The main purpose of the secret key algorithm is to transmit the bulk data.
It is faster as it uses a single key for encryption and decryption.
In private key, the same key (secret key) and algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt the message.
In this cryptography, sender and receiver need to share the same key.
There is a possibility of losing the key that renders the system void.
Private key cryptography checks the speed, reliability, and security of the system.
The private key is to be shared between two parties.

Public Key

Public key is the technique that uses two different keys for encryption and decryption.
It is also referred to as Asymmetric key encryption.
In public key cryptography, one of the two keys is kept as a secret.
Stored inside the digital certificates, outgoing emails, and executables.
The public key is free to use and the private key is kept secret only.
In the case of a public key mechanism, there are two different keys used for the transmission. Which public-key is open for everyone to see and the private key is available only between the sender and the receiver.
The main purpose of the public key algorithm is to share the keys securely.
It is slower as it uses two different keys; both keys are related to each other through the complicated mathematical process.
In public key cryptography, two keys are used, one key is used for encryption and while the other is used for decryption.
In this cryptography, sender and receiver does not need to share the same key.
There is a less possibility of key loss, as the key held publicly.
The public key testing has a long-term view as Private key cryptography, it checks the speed, reliability, load and security of the system.
The public key can be used by anyone but the private key is to be shared between two parties only.

Private Key vs Public Key

BASIS OF COMPARISON	PRIVATE KEY	PUBLIC KEY
Description	Private key is the technique that uses a single shared key (secret key) to encrypt and decrypt the message.	Public key is the technique that uses two different keys for encryption and decryption.
Alternative Name	It is also referred to as symmetric key encryption.	It is also referred to as Asymmetric key encryption
Cryptography	In private key cryptography, the key is kept as a secret.	In public key cryptography, one of the two keys is kept as a secret.
Storage	Stored in authorized devices and non-public-facing servers.	Stored inside the digital certificates, outgoing emails, and executables.
Usage	The private key is kept secret and not public to anyone apart from the sender and receiver.	The public key is free to use and the private key is kept secret only.
Application	A private key is used in the case of symmetric key cryptography wherein one single key is used for transmission between two parties.	In the case of a public key mechanism, there are two different keys used for the transmission.
Purpose	The main purpose of the secret key algorithm is to transmit the bulk data.	The main purpose of the public key algorithm is to share the keys securely.
Efficiency	It is faster as it uses a single key for encryption and decryption.	It is slower as it uses two different keys; both keys are related to each other through the complicated mathematical process.
Number of Keys	In private key, the same key (secret key) and algorithm is used to encrypt and decrypt the message.	In public key cryptography, two keys are used, one key is used for encryption and while the other is used for decryption.
Sender And Receiver	In this cryptography, sender and receiver need to share the same key.	In this cryptography, sender and receiver does not need to share the same key.
Key Loss	There is a possibility of losing the key that renders the system void.	There is a less possibility of key loss, as the key held publicly.
Functionality	Private key cryptography checks the speed, reliability, and security of the system	Public key checks Load testing checks the sustainability of the system.